Mount Qomolangma is distributed in Tibet and Pakistan, India, Nepal,Sikkim, Bhutan and other countries. Its main part is at the junction of Chinaand Nepal. The north slope is in Tibet and the south slope is in Nepal."Qomolangma" in Tibetan means "virgin". In Tibetan, "Qomolangma" means goddess,and "Langma" means the third. Because there are four mountains near MountQomolangma, which ranks the third, it is called Mount Qomolangma. Everest is8848 meters above sea level. It is the main peak of the Himalayas and thehighest peak in the world.
The Himalayas is one of the youngest mountains in the world, with an age of10-20 million years. It is composed of many parallel mountains, with a totallength of 2450 km from east to west and a width of 200-300 km from north tosouth. It is a young folded mountain range with complex structure. From north tosouth, it can be divided into four zones: chaisik mountain, Ladakh mountain,great Himalaya mountain, little Himalaya mountain and siwalik mountain. The mainvein is the great Himalaya mountain, which is the highest, about 50-90 km wideand mainly composed of crystalline rocks. The great Himalayan mountains aretraditionally divided into three sections: the western Himalayas from aripulanto Parbat in Nagaya, India; the Middle Himalayas from namnina to Yadongchuomorali in the east of Pulan; and the great Himalayas from Yadong to YarlungZangbo River in the east of Yadong
At the corner, Namjagbarwa peak is the eastern Himalayas. The averagealtitude of the great Himalayan Mountains is more than 6000 meters, with manypeaks. There are more than 50 peaks over 7000 meters, and 16 peaks over 8000meters. Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, stands on the border betweenChina and Nepal. Within 5000 square kilometers around Mount Qomolangma, thereare 4 peaks above 8000 meters and 38 peaks above 7000 meters. This phenomenon ofpeak concentration is the only one in the world, so it is called "the roof ofthe world". Under the erosion and cutting of many rivers, the Himalayas haveformed many gorge channels with a depth of several kilometers, which has becomea shortcut for trade and cultural exchanges between Tibet and its surroundingareas.
Mount Qomolangma is an approximately East-West arc-shaped mountain system.The pyramid shaped peak is clearly visible from a hundred kilometers away,giving people a solemn and sacred feeling. Everest is covered with ice and snowall the year round. There are several large glaciers in the canyon. The famousRongbu glacier is formed by the confluence of three glaciers: East, West andmiddle Rongbu. The mountain top glacier covers an area of 10000 squarekilometers, and the snow line (4500-6000 meters) is low in the South and high inthe north.
The natural conditions of Mount Qomolangma are extremely complex, theclimate is harsh and the terrain is steep. The south slope of Mt. Qomolangma isrich in precipitation, with tropical monsoon rain forest below 1000 meters,subtropical evergreen forest between 1000-20__ meters, temperate forest above20__ meters and alpine meadow above 4500 meters. The north slope is mainlyalpine meadow, and there are forests and shrubs in the valley below 4100 meters.There are peacock, gibbon, Tibetan bear, snow leopard, Tibetan antelope andother rare animals and a variety of mineral deposits in the mountains.
Everest, known as the top of the earth, has become the "holy temple" in theminds of mountaineers all over the world, which is the long cherished wish ofevery mountaineer. Since the 18th and 19th centuries, explorers and mountaineersfrom some countries have come to Everest to explore its mystery. But it was notuntil after the 1950s that people climbed Mount Everest from the south slope.From 1921 to 1938, British explorers tried to climb Mount Everest from the northslope seven times, but they all failed, and some even lost their lives.Therefore, they call the north slope "the route of no climbing" and "the routeof death".
Mount Qomolangma was established as a nature reserve in 1989. In 1993, itwas designated as a national nature reserve with a total area of 3.38 millionhectares. Mount Qomolangma has become the highest altitude Nature Reserve inChina. In 20__, Mt. Everest was listed as a national AAAA scenic spot.
Dear tourists, we are now seeing Mount Everest, the highest peak in theworld. Qomolangma means "the third goddess" in Tibetan. Everest is the main peakof the Himalayas, with an altitude of 8848 meters. It is located on the borderbetween China and Nepal, with the north in Dingri County, Tibet, China, thesouth in Nepal, and the peak in China. Mount Qomolangma is a huge pyramid shapedmountain with steep terrain and complex environment. There are various types ofglaciers with a total area of 1500 square kilometers distributed between theridges and cliffs, and there are various kinds of beautiful and rare ice towerforests on the glaciers. Within 20 kilometers around Mt. Everest, there are manypeaks. Among the 14 peaks above 8000 meters in the world, there are 5. The peaksof 6-7 kilometers are all around, forming a magnificent landscape with manypeaks.
According to the analysis of geological structure, in ancient times, thewhole Himalayas was still the sea. From about the late Cenozoic tertiary, thedeep rock strata under the sea were affected by the strong Himalayan orogeny,and the sea floor rose and emerged, gradually rising to become the highest andyoungest "roof of the world". Standing on the top of the earth, Qomolangmaitself is the most typical fault block mountain in the Himalayas. Its pyramidshaped peak is composed of Ordovician brown marble and crystalline limestone.According to the determination of scientists, Everest is still rising, with anaverage annual speed of 3.2 mm to 12.7 mm, continuing to set a new worldrecord.
Dear tourists, there are many beautiful legends about Mount Everest. It issaid that when Songzanganbu was king of Tibet, the Himalayas and Mount Everestwere beautiful places with flowers in full bloom. Songzanganbu ordered that thisplace should be specially used for raising a hundred birds. The original namewas "luozamarang", which means the place for raising birds in the south. In the8th century, the Tibetan king chisongdezan sent people from India to welcome theancestor of lianhuasheng to spread Tibetan Buddhism, and Buddhism graduallyprevailed in Tibet. There are five goddesses' seats in the monthly sacrifice tothe gods. Each of the five goddesses has its own name. This is the earliestTibetan name for the five peaks of the Himalayas in China. They are known as the"five sisters of longevity", and Qomolangma ranks the third, named Cuiyan fairy,who is the goddess of defending and reproducing the race. The other four peaksare respectively Fushou fairy, Zhenhui fairy, guanyong fairy and Shiren fairy.People think that the third goddess is the most beautiful. She is calledzhumulangsangma in Tibetan, so she uses her name to call Mount Qomolangma, thehighest mountain in the world.
Dear tourists, the most interesting thing about Mt. Everest is the cloudsfloating on the top of the peak, which seems to be a flag flying on the top ofthe peak, so this kind of cloud is called flag cloud or flag cloud. The shapeand posture of the flag cloud on Mt. Everest are various, sometimes like a flagfluttering in the wind; sometimes like the rough waves; sometimes it turns intothe rising smoke; just like a galloping horse, and then like a gently flutteringveil. All this adds a lot of magnificent scenery to Mount Everest, which can becalled one of the world's major wonders. What causes the formation of flagclouds on Mt. Qomolangma? It turns out that the flag clouds are formed byconvective cumulus clouds. According to the position and height of the cloud, wecan infer the size of the wind force on the peak. If the flag cloud movesupward, it means that the upper air wind is smaller; if it tilts downward, thewind will be stronger; if it is level with the peak, the wind will be aboutlevel 9. Therefore, the flag cloud of Mount Everest is also known as "thehighest wind vane in the world".
Dear tourists, Everest National Nature Reserve, established in 1988, islocated at the border between Tibet and Nepal. It is the most uniquebiogeographical region in the world. Everest nature reserve is a comprehensivenature reserve, which is composed of three parts: core reserve, scientificexperimental zone and economic development zone. The alpine Canyon and glaciersnow peak in the reserve are very spectacular. The ecosystem types in thereserve are diverse, and the rare and endangered species are extremely rich.There are more than 10 national first class protected animals, such as langur,bearmonkey, Himalayan tal sheep, etc. among them, snow leopard is the landmarkanimal in Zhumulangma National Nature Reserve. The reserve is also rich inwater, light and wind energy resources. When the sun rises to the East, the hugepeaks are colorful in the red light. In addition, many peculiar naturallandscapes have attracted a large number of domestic and foreign tourists.
Dear tourists, Mount Everest is a place that the world's mountaineers yearnfor. At the foot of Mount Everest is Rongbu temple, the highest temple in theworld. From the summit of Rongbu temple, we have to pass through two importantsections, namely the well-known Beiao and the second step. Beiao is the gatewayto climb Mount Qomolangma from the north slope. It is a saddle shaped ice wallwith an altitude of 7007 meters. There are ice cracks all over it. It is a verydifficult natural obstacle to overcome. The second step is more than 300 metersaway from the peak. In 1960, China's national mountaineering team crossed Beiaofrom the north slope to the top along the North Ridge. This is the mostdifficult route to climb Mount Everest, creating an unprecedented miracle in thehistory of mountaineering in the world. It took 8 days for the nationalmountaineering team to reach the top from the base camp, including 6 days fromBeiao to the top, and the last 50 meters took 19 hours without oxygen. Themountaineering teams of various countries have opened up many routes to climbEverest. In 1953, the British mountaineering team ascended from the south slopealong the southeast ridge. In 1988, China, Japan and Nepal jointly formed a teamto climb from the north and south sides of Qomolangma at the same time,realizing a "double leap" in human history. Dear friends, let's pay homage tothese warriors who use their lives to create miracles on the roof of theworld!
Mount Qomolangma is 8848 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak inthe world. It is located on the border between China and Nepal in the middlesection of the Himalayas and just south of Dingri County in Xigaze Prefecture,Tibet. The peak is covered with snow all the year round, a holy scene. MountQomolangma area has four peaks more than 8000 meters and 38 peaks more than 7000meters, which is known as the third level of the earth.
"Qomolangma" in Tibetan means "mother of the earth". In Tibetan, Jo Mo"Zhumu" means goddess, and glang Ma "Longma" should be understood as motherelephant (in Tibetan, glang Ma has two meanings: High Mountain willow and motherelephant). According to the myth, Mount Everest is the palace where the tshering mched lnga lives. It is generally called Mount Everest in the west tocommemorate George Everest, the director of the Survey Bureau of India, who wasresponsible for surveying the Himalayas when the British occupied Nepal. Themost recent measurement of Mount Everest was made in 1999 by the NationalGeographic Society of the United States using the global positioning system.They believed that the altitude of Mount Everest should be 8850 meters. Thealtitude of Mount Everest, now recognized by the people's Republic of China, wasdetermined by the mountaineering team of the people's Republic of China in 1975,which is 8848.13 meters. But the outside world also has 8848 meters, 8840meters, 8850 meters, 8882 meters and other statements. Recently, on May 22,20__, the mountaineering team of the people's Republic of China successfullyclimbed to the top of Mt. Everest to accurately measure the height of Mt.Everest again. The new height of Mt. Everest is 8844.43 meters. At the sametime, 8848.13m in 1975 was stopped. Interestingly, although Mount Everest is thehighest peak in the world, its peak is not the farthest point from the earth'scenter. This particular spot belongs to the Chimborazo mountains in SouthAmerica. The towering image of Mount Everest has been influencing the local andeven the whole world. The back of the fourth edition of RMB 10 is MountEverest.
At the foot of Mount Qomolangma, there is Rongbu temple, the highest templein the world. At the same time, Rongbu temple is also the best place to watchMount Qomolangma, with a straight-line distance of 25 km.
Most of the mountains in Western China are long and steep. Located on theborder of China's Tibet Autonomous Region with Nepal, India and other countries,the Himalayan Mountains stretch for more than 2400 kilometers, with an averageelevation of more than 6000 meters. They are the most magnificent mountains inthe world.
In the Himalayas, there are more than 50 peaks at an altitude of more than7000 meters, 16 peaks at an altitude of more than 8000 meters, and the famousones are Nanfeng, Xisha Bangma and Gancheng Zhangjia. "Himalaya" means "land ofice and snow" in Tibetan. It is covered with ice and snow all the year round.The ice peaks are like swords leaning on the sky, and the glaciers are likesilver snakes winding. The most towering is Mount Qomolangma, which is locatedon the border between China and Nepal. It is 8844.43 meters high and is thehighest peak in the world.
Mount Qomolangma has a high potential and unique geographical environment.The lowest temperature at the top of the mountain is minus 30-40 ℃ all the yearround. In some parts of the mountain, snow does not melt all the year round, andglaciers, ice slopes and ice pagodas can be seen everywhere. The oxygen contentof the air is only a quarter of that of the eastern plain area, and there areoften strong winds of magnitude 7-8. Strong winds of force 12 are not uncommon.Wind blowing snow, flying everywhere, filled the sky. Mount Qomolangma is ofgreat scientific research value, which has been noticed for a long time. In1960, Chinese mountaineers and scientists overcame many difficulties and madethe first ascent to the top of Mount Everest from the north slope, creating anunprecedented miracle in the history of mountaineering in the world. Since the1960s, Chinese scientists have carried out a comprehensive investigation of theEverest region, and obtained rich and valuable data in many aspects, such aspaleontology, physical geography, alpine climate, modern glaciers and landforms.In 1975, with the cooperation of the Chinese mountaineering team, Chinesesurveying and mapping workers climbed Mount Everest again, measured its heightaccurately, and drew a detailed map of the area. All these provide an extremelyimportant scientific basis for China to develop and utilize the naturalresources of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Himalayan region where Mount Qomolangma is located used to be an ocean.In a long geological period, a large amount of gravel and sand were washed fromthe land and accumulated in the Himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentaryrock layer with a thickness of more than 30000 meters. Later, due to the strongorogeny, the Himalayas were squeezed and uplifted violently. According to thecalculation, the average elevation is about 20-30 meters every 10000 years. Upto now, the Himalayas are still rising.
Ma Alin, Zhu Mu Lang, was written in the complete map of Huangyu (1717) inthe 56th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. In 1855, under the leadershipof the British, the Bureau of survey of India named this peak after the surnameof S.G. erfield, the director of the Bureau. In 1952, the government of thepeople's Republic of China renamed the peak Qomolangma. Nepal is called SakyaMata. On May 25, 1960, the mountaineering team of the people's Republic of Chinaclimbed the peak from the north slope for the first time. The Academy ofSciences of the people's Republic of China has also organized many large-scalecomprehensive scientific expeditions and obtained a large number of importantscientific data.
In March 1989, Mount Everest National Nature Reserve was established. Thereserve covers an area of 33800 square kilometers. The area is rich in rare andendangered biological species, including 8 species of national first classprotected animals, such as langur, bear monkey, Himalayan tal sheep, leopard,etc. There are more than 600 glaciers at the top of the mountain, covering anarea of 1600 square kilometers. The longest glacier is 26 kilometers. When thesun rises to the East, the huge mountain peak is gorgeous under the red light.In addition, many peculiar natural landscapes often appear, attracting a largenumber of domestic and foreign tourists.
Mt. Qomolangma is a huge pyramid shaped mountain, majestic and majestic,with extremely steep terrain and extremely complex environment. The height ofsnow line is 5800-6200m on the north slope and 5500-6100m on the south slope.There are three steep cliffs (North, East and southwest) in the middle ofnortheast ridge, Southeast ridge and west ridge. There are 548 continentalglaciers between them, with a total area of 1457.07 square kilometers and anaverage thickness of 7260 meters. The glaciers are mainly supplied by themetamorphism of snow cover in the Indian Ocean monsoon belt. On the glacier,there are a variety of magnificent and rare ice pagoda forests, ice cliffs ashigh as tens of meters, light and dark ice fissures with step-by-step traps, anddangerous ice avalanche and avalanche areas.
Mount Everest is not only magnificent, but also magnificent. Within 20kilometers of it, there are many peaks and mountains. There are more than 40peaks with an altitude of more than 7000 meters. The most famous ones are "Luozipeak" (8463 meters above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) andZhuo Qiong peak (7589 meters above sea level), which are 3 kilometers south. Inthe southeast is Makalu peak (8463 meters above sea level, the fifth highestpeak in the world), in the north is Zhangzi peak (7543 meters above sea level),in the West are Nuzi peak (7855 meters) and pumoli peak (7145 meters). On theperiphery of these huge peaks, there are some world-class peaks facing eachother from afar: ganchengjia peak, the third highest peak in the world (8585meters above sea level, the boundary peak between Nepal and Sikkim), in thesoutheast; gechongkang peak, 7998 meters above sea level, zhuoyou peak, 8201meters above sea level, and Xisha Bama peak, 8012 meters above sea level, in theWest. Formed a group of peaks, peak head of the surging magnificent scene.
Mount Qomolangma is a pyramid shaped mountain with glaciers, the longest ofwhich is 26 km. The top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow all theyear round, and the terrain is steep and high. It is a place that attracts theattention and yearns of mountaineering in the world. The climate of MountEverest is bad, and there are few sunny days. It's often violent weather, andthe wind comes with snow and sand. There are two seasons in a year to climb Mt.Everest: May and September to October. During these two periods, the wind speedat an altitude of more than 8000 meters was low, and there was little rain andsnow.
In fact, Rongbu temple and the Everest base camp are about 8 kilometersaway. If you have camping equipment, you can also live in the Everest base camp.You need to bring your own stove to cook. During the mountaineering season, thebase camp has liaison officers from the Tibet Mountaineering Associationstationed here. At that time, a small amount of food and water can be boughtfrom the liaison officers, but the price is more expensive, about three timeshigher than Lhasa. Beer costs 10 yuan per tin.
Not far from Mount Everest is the mountaineering checkpoint. After checkingthe procedures for entering the mountain, they let them go straight. After 40kilometers, you can reach a small village called zhaxizong. There are two orthree small restaurants with few vegetables. You can make do with some food. Ifyou continue to walk about 30 kilometers, you can see four snow capped mountainsover 8000 meters in a row when you cross the Cuola pass. You can get to the basecamp of Mount Everest by walking more than 20 kilometers downhill from here.
In the base camp of Mount Everest, you can find the manager of the postoffice of Mount Everest. For two yuan, you can build a commemorative postmark ofMount Everest, and then leave the postcard in the post office for delivery.After more than half a month, friends in the mainland can receive this valuablepostcard.
珠穆朗玛峰分布在西藏和巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、锡金和不丹等国境内，其主要部分在我国和尼泊尔交接处，北坡在我国西藏境内，南坡在尼泊尔境内。“珠穆朗玛”藏语意为“圣母”，藏语中“珠穆”是女神的意思，“朗玛”是第三的意思，因为在珠穆朗玛峰的附近还有四座山峰，珠峰位居第三，所以称为珠穆朗玛峰。珠穆朗玛峰海拔8848米，是喜马拉雅山脉的主峰，也是世界上最高的山峰。
喜马拉雅山是世界上最年轻的山脉之一，年龄在1000-20xx万年间。它由许多平行的山脉组成，东西全长2450公里，南北宽200-300公里。呈向南延伸的弧形，是构造复杂的年轻褶皱山脉。由北向南分为柴斯克山、拉达克山、大喜马拉雅山、小喜马拉雅山和西瓦利克山等4带，主脉以大喜马拉雅山最为高峻，宽约50-90公里，主要有结晶岩石构成。大喜马拉雅山脉习惯上分为三段：阿里普兰以西到印度南迦帕尔巴特峰为西喜马拉雅山;普兰以东那木尼那峰到亚东绰莫拉利峰之间为中喜马拉雅山;亚东以东到雅鲁藏布江大
拐弯处南迦巴瓦峰为东喜马拉雅山。大喜马拉雅山脉平均海拔在6000米以上，高峰林立，超过7000米的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的山峰有16座，世界第一高峰珠穆朗玛峰就耸立在中国和尼泊尔边境。在珠穆朗玛峰周围5000多平方公里范围内，有8000米以上高峰4座，7000米以上高峰38座，这种高峰汇集的现象为世界所仅有，故被成为“世界屋脊”。喜马拉雅山在众多河流的侵蚀和切割下，形成众多深达数千米的峡谷通道，成为西藏和周边地区贸易往来和文化交流的捷径。
珠穆朗玛峰是一条近似东西向的弧形山系，金字塔形的峰体，在百公里之外就清晰可见，给人以肃穆和神圣的感觉。珠穆朗玛峰常年覆盖着冰雪，峡谷中有几条大的冰川，著名的绒布冰川就是由东、西和中绒布三大冰川汇合而成的。山顶冰川面积达1万平方公里，雪线(4500-6000米)南低北高。
珠穆朗玛峰自然条件异常复杂，气候恶劣，地形险峻。珠峰南坡降水丰富，1000米以下为热带季雨林，1000-20xx米为亚热带常绿林，20xx米以上为温带森林，4500米以上为高山草甸。北坡主要为高山草甸，4100米以下河谷有森林及灌木。山间有孔雀、长臂猿、藏熊、雪豹、藏羚等珍 禽奇兽及多种矿藏。
珠穆朗玛峰以其地球之巅的美誉，成为世界各国(地区)登山家心目中的“圣殿”，是每一个登山家的终生夙愿。从十八、十九世纪开始，陆续有一些国家的探险家、登山队，来到珠穆朗玛峰，探测它的奥密。但直到二十世纪五十年代以后，才有人从南坡登上珠穆朗玛峰。从至1938年，英国的探险家曾先后七次试图从北坡攀登珠穆朗玛峰，都遭到了失败，有的还丧失了生命。因此，他们把北坡称作是“不可攀援的路线”，“死亡的路线”。
珠穆朗玛峰于1989年建立自然保护区，1993年珠峰被定为国家级自然保护区，保护区总面积338万公顷，珠峰成为中国海拔最高的自然保护区。20xx年，珠峰被列入国家级AAAA级旅游景区。
珠穆朗玛峰海拔8848米，为世界第一高峰，位于喜马拉雅山中段之中尼边界上、西藏日喀则地区定日县正南方。峰顶终年积雪，一派圣洁景象。珠峰地区拥有4座8000米以上、38座7000米以上的山峰，被誉为地球第三级。
藏语“珠穆朗玛jo-mo glang-ma ri”就是“大地之母”的意思。藏语Jo-mo“珠穆”是女神的之意，glang-ma“朗玛”应该理解成母象(在藏语里，glang-ma有两中意思：高山柳和母象)。神话说珠穆朗玛峰是长寿五天女(tshe-ring mched lnga)所居住的宫室。 西方普遍称这山峰作额菲尔士峰或艾佛勒斯峰(Mount Everest)，是纪念英国人占领尼泊尔之时，负责测量喜马拉雅山脉的印度测量局局长乔治·额菲尔士(George Everest)。珠穆朗玛峰最近的一次测量在1999年，是由美国国家地理学会使用全球卫星定位系统测定的，他们认为珠峰的海拔高度应该为8850米。现在中华人民共和国公认的珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度由中华人民共和国登山队于1975年测定，是8848.13米。但外界也有8848米、8840米、8850米、8882米等多种说法。最近，20xx年5月22日中华人民共和国重测珠峰高度测量登山队成功登上珠穆朗玛峰峰顶，再次精确测量珠峰高度，珠峰新高度为8844.43米。同时停用1975年的8848.13米。 有趣的是，珠穆朗玛峰虽然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰顶却不是距离地心最远的一点。这个特殊的点属于南美洲的钦博拉索山。珠穆朗玛峰高大巍峨的形象一直在当地甚至全世界的范围内产生着影响。第四版人民币十元的背面图案就是珠穆朗玛峰。
珠峰山脚下建有一座世界海拔最高的寺庙——绒布寺，同时，绒布寺也是观看珠穆朗玛峰的最佳位置，两者直线距离25公里。
中国西部的山脉，大多横亘绵长，山体高峻雄伟。位于中国西藏自治区同尼泊尔、印度等国边境上的喜马拉雅山脉，绵延长达2 400多公里，主脉海拔平均超过6000米，是世界上最雄伟的山脉。
在喜马拉雅山脉之中，海拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦马峰、干城章嘉峰。“喜马拉雅”在藏语中就是“冰雪之乡”的意思。这里终年冰雪覆盖，一座座冰峰如倚天的宝剑，一条条冰川像蜿蜒的银蛇。其中最为高耸的则是位于中国和尼泊尔边界上的珠穆朗玛峰，它高达8844.43米，是世界最高峰。
珠穆朗玛峰，峰高势伟，地理环境独特，峰顶的最低气温常年在零下三四十摄氏度。山上一些地方常年积雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到处可见。峰顶空气稀薄，空气的含氧量只有东部平原地区的四分之一，经常刮七八级大风。十二级大风也不少见。风吹积雪，四溅飞舞，弥漫天际。珠峰具有重大的科学研究价值，很早就为人们所注目。1960年中国登山运动员和科学工作者不畏艰险，克服重重困难，首次从北坡登上了珠穆朗玛峰顶，创造了世界登山史上前所未有的奇迹。从60年代起，中国科学工作者对珠峰地区进行了全面考察，在古生物、自然地理、高山气候以及现代冰川、地貌等多方面，都获得了丰富而有价值的资料。1975年，中国测绘工作者在中国登山队的配合下，再次登上珠穆朗玛峰，精确地测定了它的高度，并绘出了珠峰地区的详细地图。所有这些，为中国开发利用西藏高原的自然资源提供了极其重要的科学依据。
珠峰所在的喜马拉雅山地区原是一片海洋，在漫长的地质年代，从陆地上冲刷来大量的碎石和泥沙，堆积在喜马拉雅山地区，形成了这里厚达3万米以上的海相沉积岩层。以后，由于强烈的造山运动，使喜马拉雅山地区受挤压而猛烈抬升，据测算，平均每一万年大约升高20～30米，直至如今，喜马拉雅山区仍处在不断上升之中。
清康熙五十六年(1717)《皇舆全览图》上作朱母郎马阿林。1855年印度测量局在英国人主持下，擅将该局局长S.G.额菲尔士的姓氏命名此峰。1952年中华人民共和国政府将此峰正名为珠穆朗玛峰。尼泊尔称萨迦-玛塔。1960年5月25日，中华人民共和国登山队首次从北坡攀登峰顶。中华人民共和国科学院也曾多次组织大规模综合科学考察，获得了大量的重要科学资料。
1989年3月，珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区宣告成立。保护区面积3.38万平方千米。区内珍稀、濒危生物物种极为丰富，其中有8种国家一类保护动物，如长尾灰叶猴、熊猴、喜马拉雅塔尔羊、金钱豹等。峰顶共有600多条冰川，面积1600平方千米，最长的26千米，每当旭日东升，巨大的山峰在红光照耀下，绚丽多彩。此外，还常出现许多奇特的自然景观，吸引了大量国内外游客。
珠穆朗玛峰山体呈巨型金字塔状，威武雄壮昂首天外，地形极端险峻，环境异常复杂。雪线高度：北坡为5800—6200米，南坡为5500—6100米。东北山脊、 东南山脊和西山山脊中间夹着三大陡壁(北壁、东壁和西南壁)，在这些山脊 和峭壁之间又分布着548条大陆型冰川，总面积达1457.07平方公里，平均厚度达7260米。冰川的补给主要靠印度洋季风带两大降水带积雪变质形成。冰川上有千姿百态、瑰丽罕见的冰塔林，又有高达数十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗 冰裂隙，还有险象环生的冰崩雪崩区。
珠峰不仅巍峨宏大，而且气势磅礴。在它周围20公里的范围内，群峰林立，山峦叠障。仅海拔7000米以上的高峰就有40多座，较著名的有南面3公里处的“洛子峰”(海拔8463米，世界第四高峰)和海拔7589米的卓穷峰，东南面是马卡鲁峰(海拔8463米，世界第五高峰) ，北面3公里是海拔7543米的章子峰 ，西面是努子峰(7855米)和普莫里峰(7145米)。在这些巨峰的外围 ，还有一些世界一流的高峰遥遥相望：东南方向有世界第三高峰干城嘉峰(海拔8585米，尼泊尔和锡金的界峰);西面有海拔7998米的格重康峰、8201米的卓奥友峰和 8012米的希夏邦马峰。形成了群峰来朝，峰头汹涌的波澜壮阔的场面。
珠峰山体呈金字塔状，山上有冰川，最长之冰川达26公里。山峰上部终年为冰雪覆盖，地形陡峭高峻。是世界登山运动瞩目和向往的地方。珠峰的气候恶劣，风和日丽的日子不多。经常是暴同肆虐的天气，狂风夹着积雪和砂石铺天盖地而来。攀登珠峰的时间，一年中有两个季节，一是5月份，一是9月到10月。在这两段时间里，海拔八千多米高处的风速较小，而且很少有雨雪。
其实绒布寺和珠峰大本营还有大约8公里的路程，如果自己带有野营装备，也可以住在珠峰大本营里面，需要自己带炉具作饭。在登山季节，大本营有西藏登山协会的联络官驻扎在这里，那时候可以从联络官手上买到少量的食品和饮水，但是价格较贵，大概要比拉萨贵3倍。啤酒要10元/听。
离珠峰不远处便是登山检查站。查完了进山手续，便放行直走。40公里后可以到达一个很小的小村叫扎西宗，这里有2、3家几乎没有什么蔬菜的小饭馆，可以凑合吃一点东西。再继续走约30公里翻越错拉山口的时候可以看到4座8000米以上的雪山排成一列的壮观景象，从这里下山再走20多公里就可以到达珠峰大本营。
在珠峰大本营，可以找珠峰邮政所的管理人，在他那花两元钱可以盖一个珠峰纪念的邮戳，再把明信片留在邮政所里投递，半个多月后内地的朋友就可以收到这张颇有价值的明信片了。
珠穆朗玛峰交通线路
珠峰远在在中尼公路南大约100公里的边境线上。从日喀则、拉孜找便车到新定日不是很困难，但是余下到大本营的100公里，能坐上便车的机会相当低，所以建议从拉萨包车前往是最稳妥的。
离开新定日之前在新定日路口的旅馆办理进山手续：进入范围的汽车需按车轮的数量缴交公路建设费，每个轮子100元;另外，每位旅游者要付180元作门票。沿中尼公路走11公里，见珠峰保护区标志牌左转，从此就告别了柏油马路。
Now let me introduce Mount Everest to you. Qomolangma means "the thirdgoddess" in Tibetan. Mount Everest is the main peak of the Himalayas, with analtitude of 8848 meters. It is the highest peak in the world. The mountain is inthe shape of a huge pyramid, with steep terrain and complex environment. Thereare various types of glaciers with a total area of 1500 square kilometersdistributed between the ridges and cliffs. On top of the glaciers, there are avariety of beautiful and rare ice pagoda forests. Within 20 kilometers aroundMt. Everest, there are many peaks. Among the 14 peaks above 8000 meters in theworld, there are 5. The peaks of 6-7 kilometers are all around, forming amagnificent landscape with many peaks. According to the analysis of geologicalstructure, in ancient times, the whole Himalayas and the vast area nearby werestill a corner of the sea. From about the late Tertiary of Cenozoic era, thedeep rock strata under the sea were affected by the strong Himalayan orogeny,rising to the top and the youngest "roof of the world". Standing on the top ofthe earth, Qomolangma itself is the most typical fault block mountain in theHimalayas. Its pyramid shaped peak is composed of Ordovician brown marble andcrystalline limestone. According to the determination of scientists, Everest isstill rising, with an average annual speed of 3.2 mm to 12.7 mm, continuing toset a new world record.
Now let me tell you two myths about Mount Everest. It is said that whenSongzanganbu was king of Tibet, the Himalayas and Mount Everest were beautifulplaces with flowers in full bloom. Songzanganbu ordered that this place shouldbe specially used for raising a hundred birds. Its original name was"rozamarang", which means "the place for raising birds in the South". In the 8thcentury, the Tibetan king chisongdezan sent people from India to welcome thelotus grandmaster into Tibet to preach Buddhism, and Buddhism graduallyprevailed in Tibet. There are five goddesses sitting in the monthly sacrificesto the gods. Each of the five goddesses has its own name. This is the earliestTibetan name for the five peaks of the Himalayas in China. They are known as the"five sisters of longevity", and Qomolangma ranks third. They are the goddess ofdefending and reproducing the race. The other four peaks are Fushou fairy,Zhenhui fairy, guanyong fairy and Shiren fairy. People think that the thirdgoddess is the most beautiful. She is called zhumulangsangma in Tibetan, so sheuses her name to call Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world.
There is also a beautiful legend. Once upon a time, it was a sea. On theseashore, there were flowers and trees, flowers that never withered and neverwithered. On the hillside, there were forests and fruit trees. In the forest andflowers, there are many birds and other animals. It's a rich and beautifulplace! But one day, a group of monsters suddenly came to occupy this good place.The demons are coming, catching birds and animals, destroying flowers and trees.At this time, a five color auspicious cloud came from the sky. On the cloudstood a fairy in a plain dress. She was the goddess of snow mountain -zhumulangsangma. With her boundless magic power, she subdued the demons andspirits, and pressed them under a mountain. At the same time, in this area,cattle and sheep were raised, plant seeds were sown, and ice lakes were dug.From then on, she not only restored the original appearance, but also made itmore beautiful. The goddess subdued the demons and ghosts, and poured snow waterfrom the snow mountain and ice lake to irrigate the surrounding land. So, beforeand after the mountain, cattle and sheep are fat, crops are flourishing, and ahundred flowers are blooming. Therefore, people living in this area have greatrespect for the goddess and often praise her in various beautiful words.
From the summit of Rongbu temple, we have to pass through two importantsections, namely the well-known Beiao and the second step. Beiao is the gatewayto climb Mount Qomolangma from the north slope. It is a saddle shaped ice wallwith an altitude of 7007 meters. There are ice cracks all over it. It is a verydifficult natural obstacle to overcome. The second step is more than 300 metersaway from the peak. In 1960, it took eight days for the national mountaineeringteam to reach the top from the base camp, including six days from Beiao to thetop. The last 50 meters took 19 hours to reach the top without oxygen. Beforeand after the national mountaineering teams opened up five routes to climbEverest. In 1953, the British mountaineering team ascended along the southeastridge from the south slope; in 1960, the Chinese national mountaineering teamascended along the North Ridge from the north slope over Beiao; in 1975, theBritish mountaineering team ascended from the south slope; in 1980, the Japanesemountaineering team ascended from the vertical cliff on the front of the northslope, which is the most difficult route to climb Mount Everest. In 1988, China,Japan and Nepal jointly formed a team to climb from the north and south sides ofQomolangma at the same time, realizing a "double leap" in human history. In1990, China, the United States and the Soviet Union joined forces to climb MountEverest. In 20__, it reached the summit again.
The most interesting thing on Mount Everest is the cloud floating on thetop of the peak, which seems to be a flag flying on the top of the peak, so thiskind of cloud is vividly called flag cloud or flag cloud. The shape and postureof the flag cloud on Mt. Everest are various, sometimes like a flag flutteringin the wind; sometimes like the rough waves; sometimes it turns into a curlingsmoke; just like a galloping horse; for a while, it is like a gently flutteringveil. All this adds a lot of magnificent scenery to Mount Everest, which can becalled one of the world's major wonders.
What causes the formation of flag clouds on Mt. Qomolangma? It turns outthat the flag clouds are formed by convective cumulus clouds. According to theposition and height of the cloud, we can infer the size of the wind force on thepeak. If the flag cloud moves upward, it means that the upper air wind issmaller; if it tilts downward, the wind will be stronger; if it is level withthe peak, the wind will be about level 9. Therefore, the flag cloud of MountEverest is also known as "the highest wind vane in the world".
Let me introduce Mount Everest National Nature Reserve to you. MountEverest Nature Reserve was designated as a National Nature Reserve in 1993. Thereserve is located at the junction of Tibet Autonomous Region and the kingdom ofNepal, with a total area of 3.38 million hectares and a population of more than70000. The area is divided into 7 core protection areas, namely tuolonggou,rongha, xuebugang, Jiangcun, gongdang, Zhufeng and Xixiabangma, and 4 scientificexperimental areas, namely Chentang, Nyalam, Jilong and gongdang.
At the southern foot of the Himalayas, the nature reserve is the highest inChina. It has one of the world's top ten landscapes, the Kama Valley, with analtitude of 2300 meters, a length of 55 kilometers from east to west, an averagewidth of 8 kilometers from north to south, and an area of 440 square kilometers.There are 2101 species of angiosperms, 20 species of gymnosperms, more than 200species of pteridophytes, more than 600 species of bryophytes and lichens, andmore than 130 species of fungi in the reserve; there are more than 50 species ofmammals in the wild animals, among which there are more than 10 species ofnational first-class protected animals, such as langur, Tibetan wild donkey,Tarr sheep, leopard, snow leopard, black pheasant, etc. Snow leopard is thesymbol animal of Everest nature reserve.
The original forest is dense, including Abies himalayana, larch, birch,juniper, shrub, Fargesia, alpine pine, spruce, Nepalese sandalwood, Magnolia,arbor pine, Rhododendron and other major tree species, as well as wild plantswith high ornamental value and medicinal value such as magnolia, Panaxnotoginseng and Coptis chinensis.
In the upper part of the vast forest sea, altitude: 3800 meters to 4500meters is alpine grassland, with Artemisia, fleas and other plants. The area5500-6000 meters above the snow line is covered with permanent snow. Glaciersare formed year by year due to non melting ice and snow. Rongbu glacier is thelargest glacier in the reserve. In addition, there are iceberg glaciers andsuspended glaciers.
现在我来给大家介绍一下珠穆朗玛峰。珠穆朗玛，藏语意思为“第三女神”。珠穆朗玛峰是喜马拉雅山脉的主峰，海拔8848米，是世界第一高峰。其山体呈巨型金字塔状，地形险峻，环境复杂，山脊和峭壁间分布着总面积达1500平方公里的各型冰川，冰川之上更有千姿百态、瑰丽罕见的冰塔林。珠峰周围20公里的范围内，群峰林立，全世界8000米以上的14座高峰中，这里就有5座，六七千米的山峰放眼皆是，形成了一幅群峰攒聚、波澜壮阔的地貌。据地质构造分析，在远古时代，整个喜马拉雅山以及附近辽阔的区域还是大海之一隅，大约从新生代第三纪晚期开始，海下深处的岩层受强烈的喜马拉雅造山运动的影响，崛起沧海，横空出世，逐渐上升成为最高最年轻的“世界屋脊”。矗立于地球之巅的珠穆朗玛本身就是喜马拉雅山脉最典型的断块山，其形似金字塔的峰顶是由奥陶纪棕黄色大理岩和结晶灰岩组成。据科学家测定，珠峰现仍在不断上升，平均每年以3.2毫米至12.7毫米的速度，继续刷新它自己所创造的世界最高纪录。
现在我给大家讲两个有关珠峰的神话。据说，在松赞干布当藏王时，喜马拉雅山和珠穆朗玛峰是个百花盛开的美丽地方。松赞干布下令，把这个地方专作供养百鸟之用，最初的名字叫做“罗扎马朗”，意思就是“南方养鸟之地”。到了8世纪的时候，藏王赤松德赞派人从印度迎请莲花生祖师入藏传法，佛教逐渐盛行全藏。教徒们每月奉祀诸神的祭祀中，有五位女神的坐位，这五位女神各有自己的名字，这就是藏族人民对喜马拉雅山在我国境内的五座山峰的最早的称呼。它们被誉为“长寿五姐妹”，珠穆朗玛排行第三，名为翠颜仙女，是捍卫和繁衍种族的女神。其余四峰分别是掌福禄寿的福寿仙女、掌农田的贞慧仙女、掌财宝的冠咏仙女和掌畜牧的施仁仙女。人们认为第三女神长得最漂亮，藏语叫做珠穆朗桑玛，于是就用她的名字来称呼世界最高的山峰——珠穆朗玛峰。
还有一个美丽的传说。很久以前，这里是一个大海，海边上长满着花草树木，开放着永不枯萎、永不凋谢的花朵，山坡上生长着森林和果树。森林和花丛中，栖息着许多禽鸟和别的动物，这是一个富饶美丽的好地方!可是，有一天，突然窜来一群妖怪，霸占了这块好地方。妖魔们来了，捕鸟捉兽，摧残花木。这时从天上飞来一片五色祥云，云上站着一个身穿素色衣裙的仙女，她就是雪山女神——珠穆朗桑玛女神。她用自己无边的法力降服了妖魔鬼怪，并把它们压在一座山底下。同时，在这一带放养神牛、神羊，撒下各种植物种子，开凿冰湖。从此，这里不仅恢复原来的模样儿，而且被她打扮得更漂亮了。女神降服了妖魔鬼怪，又从雪山冰湖上输来雪水灌溉周围的万顷土地。于是，山前山后，牛羊肥壮，庄稼茂盛，百花齐放。因此，居住在这一带的人们，对女神十分敬仰，常用各种美好的语言来赞美她。
从绒布寺登顶要经过两个重要的地段，就是人们久已闻名的北坳和第二台阶。北坳是从北坡攀登珠峰的门户，是座海拔7007米的马鞍形的冰墙，上面到处是冰裂缝，是一道很难逾越的天险障碍。第二台阶离顶峰还有300多米。1960年，国家登山队从大本营登顶用了8天时间，其中从北坳到顶峰就用了6天，最后50米是在没有氧气的情况下用了19个小时才登上去的。各国登山队前后开辟出5条攀登珠穆朗玛的线路。1953年，英国登山队从南坡沿东南山脊登顶;1960年，我国国家登山队从北坡越过北坳沿北山脊登顶;1975年英国登山队从正南坡登顶;1980年，日本登山队从北坡正面垂直岩壁登顶，这是攀登珠峰难度最大的一条线路。1988年，中国、日本、尼泊尔三国联合组队，从珠穆朗玛南北两边同时攀登，实现了人类历史上的“双跨越”。1990年，中国、美国和苏联联合组队登上了珠峰。20xx年，再次登顶成功。
珠穆朗玛峰上最让人感兴趣的是漂浮在峰顶的云彩，这云彩好像是在峰顶上飘扬着的一面旗帜，因此这种云被形象地称为旗帜云或旗状云。珠峰旗云的形状姿态万千，时而像一面旗帜迎风招展;时而像波涛汹涌的海浪;忽而变成袅袅上升的炊烟;刚刚似万里奔腾的骏马;一会儿又如轻轻飘动的面纱。这一切，使珠峰增添了不少绚丽壮观的景色，堪称世界一大奇观。
是什么原因促使珠峰产生旗云呢?原来旗云是由对流性积云形成的，可根据其飘动的位置和高度，来推断峰顶风力的大小。如果旗云飘动的位置越向上掀，说明高空风越小;越向下倾，风力就越大;若和峰顶平齐，风力约有九级。因此，珠峰旗云又有“世界上最高的风向标”之称。
我再给大家介绍一下珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区。珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区，1993年被定为国家级自然保护区。保护区位于西藏自治区与尼泊尔王国的交界处，总面积338万公顷，人口7万余。区内划分为脱隆沟、绒辖、雪布岗、江村、贡当、珠峰、希夏邦马7个核心保护区;陈塘、聂拉木、吉隆、贡当等4个科学实验区。
在保护区喜马拉雅山南麓海拔3000米以下的地区，是中国海拔最高的自然保护区，有世界十大景观之一的卡玛山谷，海拔2300米，东西长55公里，南北宽平均8公里，面积440平方公里。保护区内有被子植物2101种，裸子植物20种，蕨类植物200多种，苔藓、地衣植物600多种，真菌130多种;野生动物中有兽类50多种，其中，国家一级保护动物有长尾叶猴、西藏野驴、塔尔羊、金钱豹、雪豹、黑鹇等lO多种。雪豹是珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区的标志动物。
原始森林茂密，有喜马拉雅冷杉、落叶松、皱皮桦、刺柏、灌丛、箭竹、高山松、云杉、尼泊尔檀木、木兰、乔松、杜鹃等主要树种，还有很高观赏价值和药用价值的长蕊木兰、三七、胡黄连等野生植物。
在茫茫林海上部，海拔：3800多米至4500米之间是高山草原，长着蒿草、缀蚤等植物。雪线以上5500米至6000米地带，覆盖着终年不化的积雪。不化的冰雪逐年形成冰川，保护区内最大的冰川就是绒布冰川。此外还广泛分布着冰斗冰川和悬冰川。
Mount Qomolangma, which means "Virgin Mary" in Tibetan, is the highest peakin the world at an altitude of 8848 meters. It is located on the border betweenChina and Nepal in the middle section of the Himalayas and just south of DingriCounty in Xigaze, Tibet. The peak is covered with snow all the year round, aholy scene. Mount Qomolangma area has four peaks more than 8000 meters and 38peaks more than 7000 meters, which is known as the third level of the earth.
At the foot of Mount Qomolangma, there is Rongbu temple, the highest templein the world. At the same time, Rongbu temple is also the best place to watchMount Qomolangma, with a straight-line distance of 25 km.
Mount Qomolangma is a typical fault block rising peak. There is a thrustbelt between the basement of Precambrian metamorphic rock series and theoverlying sedimentary rock series. The upper part of the peak is the earlyOrdovician or Cambrian Ordovician calcareous rock series (the peak is graycrystalline limestone), and the lower part is the Cambrian argillaceous rockseries (such as phyllite, schist, etc.), with the intrusion of granite andmigmatite dikes. The strata incline to NNE with gentle dip angle. Since the endof transgression in the middle Eocene, Mt. Qomolangma has been rising rapidly,and it has risen about 3000 meters since the late Pliocene. Because the Indianplate and the Asian plate take 5. The speed of 08cm compresses each other, sothat the whole Himalayas are still rising, and Mount Everest also rises by about1. 27 cm. The valley glaciers of Mt. Qomolangma are well developed. There aremany large-scale valley glaciers distributed radially around the mountain. Thereare 18 glaciers with a length of more than 10 km, and the end elevation is3600-5400 M. Among them, the three major glaciers in the north slope, namely,zhongrongbu, xirongbu and dongrongbu glaciers, and their more than 30 small andmedium-sized glaciers, are the most prominent. The glacier covers an area ofabout 1600 square kilometers within 5000 square kilometers around MountQomolangma. In the tongue region of many large glaciers, there are also icetower forests. Ancient glacial activity remains such as ancient ice bucket,glacial trough valley, glacial or glacial water erosion accumulation platform,lateral moraine and final moraine ridge are also common. It is characterized bystrong cold and frost weathering, jagged rocks at the summit, towering anddangerous corner peaks and edge ridges, and rock debris slopes or sea. Specialperiglacial landforms such as stone ring and stone fence are formed by repeatedthawing and freezing of soil surface.
各位旅客朋友们：
大家好!
珠穆朗玛峰海拔8848米，为世界第一高峰，位于喜马拉雅山中段之中尼边界上、西藏日喀则地区定日县正南方。峰顶终年积雪，一派圣洁景象。珠峰地区拥有4座8000米以上、38座7000米以上的山峰，被誉为地球第三级。
藏语“珠穆朗玛jo-mo glang-mari”就是“大地之母”的意思。藏语Jo-mo“珠穆”是女神的之意，glang-ma“朗玛”应该理解成母象(在藏语里，glang-ma有两中意思：高山柳和母象)。神话说珠穆朗玛峰是长寿五天女(tshe-ringmched lnga)所居住的宫室。 西方普遍称这山峰作额菲尔士峰或艾佛勒斯峰(MountEverest)，是纪念英国人占领尼泊尔之时，负责测量喜马拉雅山脉的印度测量局局长乔治·额菲尔士(GeorgeEverest)。珠穆朗玛峰最近的一次测量在1999年，是由美国国家地理学会使用全球卫星定位系统测定的，他们认为珠峰的海拔高度应该为8850米。现在中华人民共和国公认的珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度由中华人民共和国登山队于1975年测定，是8848.13米。但外界也有8848米、8840米、8850米、8882米等多种说法。最近，20__年5月22日中华人民共和国重测珠峰高度测量登山队成功登上珠穆朗玛峰峰顶，再次精确测量珠峰高度，珠峰新高度为8844.43米。同时停用1975年的8848.13米。有趣的是，珠穆朗玛峰虽然是世界第一高峰，但是它的峰顶却不是距离地心最远的一点。这个特殊的点属于南美洲的钦博拉索山。珠穆朗玛峰高大巍峨的形象一直在当地甚至全世界的范围内产生着影响。第四版人民币十元的背面图案就是珠穆朗玛峰。
珠峰山脚下建有一座世界海拔最高的寺庙——绒布寺，同时，绒布寺也是观看珠穆朗玛峰的最佳位置，两者直线距离25公里。
中国西部的山脉，大多横亘绵长，山体高峻雄伟。位于中国西藏自治区同尼泊尔、印度等国边境上的喜马拉雅山脉，绵延长达2400多公里，主脉海拔平均超过6000米，是世界上最雄伟的山脉。
在喜马拉雅山脉之中，海拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦马峰、干城章嘉峰。“喜马拉雅”在藏语中就是“冰雪之乡”的意思。这里终年冰雪覆盖，一座座冰峰如倚天的宝剑，一条条冰川像蜿蜒的银蛇。其中最为高耸的则是位于中国和尼泊尔边界上的珠穆朗玛峰，它高达8844.43米，是世界最高峰。
珠穆朗玛峰，峰高势伟，地理环境独特，峰顶的最低气温常年在零下三四十摄氏度。山上一些地方常年积雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到处可见。峰顶空气稀薄，空气的含氧量只有东部平原地区的四分之一，经常刮七八级大风。十二级大风也不少见。风吹积雪，四溅飞舞，弥漫天际。珠峰具有重大的科学研究价值，很早就为人们所注目。1960年中国登山运动员和科学工作者不畏艰险，克服重重困难，首次从北坡登上了珠穆朗玛峰顶，创造了世界登山史上前所未有的奇迹。从60年代起，中国科学工作者对珠峰地区进行了全面考察，在古生物、自然地理、高山气候以及现代冰川、地貌等多方面，都获得了丰富而有价值的资料。1975年，中国测绘工作者在中国登山队的配合下，再次登上珠穆朗玛峰，精确地测定了它的高度，并绘出了珠峰地区的详细地图。所有这些，为中国开发利用西藏高原的自然资源提供了极其重要的科学依据。
珠峰所在的喜马拉雅山地区原是一片海洋，在漫长的地质年代，从陆地上冲刷来大量的碎石和泥沙，堆积在喜马拉雅山地区，形成了这里厚达3万米以上的海相沉积岩层。以后，由于强烈的造山运动，使喜马拉雅山地区受挤压而猛烈抬升，据测算，平均每一万年大约升高20～30米，直至如今，喜马拉雅山区仍处在不断上升之中。
清康熙五十六年(1717)《皇舆全览图》上作朱母郎马阿林。1855年印度测量局在英国人主持下，擅将该局局长S.G.额菲尔士的姓氏命名此峰。1952年中华人民共和国政府将此峰正名为珠穆朗玛峰。尼泊尔称萨迦-玛塔。1960年5月25日，中华人民共和国登山队首次从北坡攀登峰顶。中华人民共和国科学院也曾多次组织大规模综合科学考察，获得了大量的重要科学资料。
1989年3月，珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区宣告成立。保护区面积3.38万平方千米。区内珍稀、濒危生物物种极为丰富，其中有8种国家一类保护动物，如长尾灰叶猴、熊猴、喜马拉雅塔尔羊、金钱豹等。峰顶共有600多条冰川，面积1600平方千米，最长的26千米，每当旭日东升，巨大的山峰在红光照耀下，绚丽多彩。此外，还常出现许多奇特的自然景观，吸引了大量国内外游客。
珠穆朗玛峰山体呈巨型金字塔状，威武雄壮昂首天外，地形极端险峻，环境异常复杂。雪线高度：北坡为5800—6200米，南坡为5500—6100米。东北山脊、 东南山脊和西山山脊中间夹着三大陡壁(北壁、东壁和西南壁)，在这些山脊和峭壁之间又分布着548条大陆型冰川，总面积达1457.07平方公里，平均厚度达7260米。冰川的补给主要靠印度洋季风带两大降水带积雪变质形成。冰川上有千姿百态、瑰丽罕见的冰塔林，又有高达数十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗冰裂隙，还有险象环生的冰崩雪崩区。
珠峰不仅巍峨宏大，而且气势磅礴。在它周围20公里的范围内，群峰林立，山峦叠障。仅海拔7000米以上的高峰就有40多座，较著名的有南面3公里处的“洛子峰”(海拔8463米，世界第四高峰)和海拔7589米的卓穷峰，东南面是马卡鲁峰(海拔8463米，世界第五高峰)，北面3公里是海拔7543米的章子峰 ，西面是努子峰(7855米)和普莫里峰(7145米)。在这些巨峰的外围，还有一些世界一流的高峰遥遥相望：东南方向有世界第三高峰干城嘉峰(海拔8585米，尼泊尔和锡金的界峰);西面有海拔7998米的格重康峰、8201 米的卓奥友峰和8012米的希夏邦马峰。形成了群峰来朝，峰头汹涌的波澜壮阔的场面。
珠峰山体呈金字塔状，山上有冰川，最长之冰川达26公里。山峰上部终年为冰雪覆盖，地形陡峭高峻。是世界登山运动瞩目和向往的地方。珠峰的气候恶劣，风和日丽的日子不多。经常是暴同肆虐的天气，狂风夹着积雪和砂石铺天盖地而来。攀登珠峰的时间，一年中有两个季节，一是5月份，一是9月到10月。在这两段时间里，海拔八千多米高处的风速较小，而且很少有雨雪。
其实绒布寺和珠峰大本营还有大约8公里的路程，如果自己带有野营装备，也可以住在珠峰大本营里面，需要自己带炉具作饭。在登山季节，大本营有西藏登山协会的联络官驻扎在这里，那时候可以从联络官手上买到少量的食品和饮水，但是价格较贵，大概要比拉萨贵3倍。啤酒要10元/听。
离珠峰不远处便是登山检查站。查完了进山手续，便放行直走。40公里后可以到达一个很小的小村叫扎西宗，这里有2、3家几乎没有什么蔬菜的小饭馆，可以凑合吃一点东西。再继续走约30公里翻越错拉山口的时候可以看到4座8000米以上的雪山排成一列的壮观景象，从这里下山再走20多公里就可以到达珠峰大本营。
在珠峰大本营，可以找珠峰邮政所的管理人，在他那花两元钱可以盖一个珠峰纪念的邮戳，再把明信片留在邮政所里投递，半个多月后内地的朋友就可以收到这张颇有价值的明信片了。
珠穆朗玛峰交通线路
珠峰远在在中尼公路南大约100公里的边境线上。从日喀则、拉孜找便车到新定日不是很困难，但是余下到大本营的100公里，能坐上便车的机会相当低，所以建议从拉萨包车前往是最稳妥的。
离开新定日之前在新定日路口的旅馆办理进山手续：进入范围的汽车需按车轮的数量缴交公路建设费，每个轮子100元;另外，每位旅游者要付180元作门票。沿中尼公路走11公里，见珠峰保护区标志牌左转，从此就告别了柏油马路。
我国最高山峰是珠穆朗玛峰，高8844.43米，既是中国也是世界上最高的山脉。身披薄薄白纱，美如古式仙女;但此含之中，又为之壮观。
珠穆朗玛峰山体呈巨型金字塔状，威武雄壮昂首天外，地形极险，夹环境之复杂。东北山脊、东南山脊和西山山脊中间夹着三大陡壁，山岩峭壁间分布着五百四十八条大陆型冰川，总面积达1457.07平方公里，平均厚度达7260米。冰川的补给主要靠印度洋季风带两大降水带积雪变质形成。有千姿百态、瑰丽罕见的冰塔林，有数十米之高的冰陡崖与步步陷阱的明暗冰裂隙，同有险象环生的冰崩雪崩区。
珠峰不仅巍峨宏大，气势同且磅礴。周围20公里的范围内，群峰林立，山峦叠障。较著名的有南面3公里处的“洛子峰”和海拔7589米的卓穷峰，东南面是马卡鲁峰，北面3公里是海拔7543米的章子峰，西面是努子峰和普莫里峰。在这些巨峰的外围，还有一些世界一流的高峰遥遥相望：东南方向有世界第三高峰干城嘉峰，形成了群峰来朝，峰头汹涌的波澜壮阔的场面。
藏语“珠穆朗玛”就是“大地之母”的意思。西方普遍称这山峰作额菲尔士峰或艾佛勒斯峰，是纪念英国人占领尼泊尔之时，负责测量喜马拉雅山脉的印度测量局局长乔治·额菲尔士。尼泊尔语名是萨迦玛塔，意思是“天空之女神”。这名字是尼泊尔政府二十世纪六十年代起名的。由于此前，尼泊尔人民没有给这山峰起名，而政府由于政治原因没有选择用音译名称。
珠峰地区及其附近高峰的气候复杂多变，即使在一天之内，也往往变化莫测，更不用说在一年四季之内的翻云覆雨。大体来说，每年六月初至九月中旬为雨季，强烈的东南季风造成暴雨频繁，云雾弥漫，冰雪肆虐无常的恶劣气候。11月中旬、翌年2月中旬，因受强劲的西北寒流控制，气温可达-60℃，平均气温在-40℃至-50℃之间。最大风速可达90m/秒。每年3月初至5月末，这里是风季过度至雨季的春季，而9月初至10月末是雨季过度至风季的秋季。在此期间，有可能出现较好的天气，是登山的最佳季节。由于气候极度寒冷，又被称为世界第三极。
啊!珠峰，你含有古式仙女之美，但此含之中，又为之壮观。你如此雄伟壮丽，有多少中华儿女祖祖辈辈因此所感骄傲。啊!雄壮的祖国;啊!雄伟的珠峰，你永远都是我的骄傲!